Horn Summit closes with cautious security pact and unfinished business
Leaders from Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti and Kenya signed a limited framework on cross-border operations, but the thorniest questions were quietly deferred.

Addis Ababa — A three-day summit convened by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development ended late Sunday with a narrower agreement than diplomats had hoped, as leaders committed to intelligence sharing on militant networks while leaving unresolved disputes over territorial waters and mediation roles.
The final communiqué, released after a closing plenary that ran past midnight, described the pact as a floor rather than a ceiling. Analysts said the language reflected the delicate compromise required to keep every capital signed on.
For Mogadishu, the meeting was an opportunity to reassert leadership on regional counter-insurgency planning; for Addis Ababa, it was a chance to steady relationships strained by the Red Sea access debate.